词汇学课件.doc

English Lexicology
Shi Ruimin
School of Foreign Languages
Chapter1 Lexicology and Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary
I. English as a global language
A
The connection
Lexicology
Word
Morpheme Sound Meaning
Morphology ics Semantics
Grammatical Lexical
Syntax Stylistics
Pragmatics
III. The definition of word
The definition of a word should cover:
a minimuAm free form of a language;
a sound unity;
a unit of meaning;
a form that can function alone in a sentence.
“A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.”
词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能,能独立运用的最小的语言单位。
IV. The definition of vocabulary
The role of vocabulary in the language system
Vocabulary is the building material of the language system. It is one of the three essential elements of language: speech sounds, grammar and vocabulary.
“Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”(Wilkinson, 1972)
“…there is a sense in which learning a foreign language is basically a matter of learning the vocabulary of that language. Not being able to find the words to express yourself is the most frustrating experience in speaking another language.”
What is the relationship between sound and
meaning?
There is no logical or intrinsic connection between a sound and what it refers to. The relation between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary or conventional. The same language can use the same sound to mean different things and the different languages use different sounds to refer to the same thing.
3. Sound and form
similar in its earliest stage (. Old English)
Differences occur with the development of the language:
- internal reason
- changes
- scribe
- borrowing
In Spite of the differences, 80% of English words fit consistent spelling patterns.
The Eastern set
Balto-Slavic波罗的斯拉夫语族(the biggest one)
Prussian普鲁士语
Lithuanian立陶宛语
Polish波兰语
Czech捷克语
Bulgarian保加利亚语
Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语
Russi