英语构词法.doc

高中英语词汇构词法
I,pound)由两个或两个以上的单词合成的新单词,占英语词汇总量的20%以上,这些新生词的含义可以很据它所包含的单词的含义推断出来。
   例如:classmate同班同学schoolmate校友roommate室友workmate同事再如:ing回家,想家hometown家乡homesick想家的,思乡的
     :
        (1)n.+n. sportsman,bathroom,spaceship,workshop
       (2)n.+-ing water-skiing,sightseeing,sunbathing
      (3)adj.+n. blackboard,midnight,barefoot,highway
      (4)v.+ing+n. living-room,swimming-pool,starting-point
      (5)adv.+v. out+put,e,down-fall,outbreak
      (6)v.+adv. get-together,break-through,tryout
      (7)v.+n. postcard,pickpocket,salesman
      (8)n.+v. daybreak,sunrise,earthrise,waterfall
      (9)n.+v.+er story-teller,peace-lover,trouble-maker
      (10)prep./adv.+n. underground,afternoon,upside
      (11)other formations: fisherman,breakfast,editor-in-chief
     :
      (1)adj+n.-ed blue-eyed,middle-aged,four-legged
      (2)n.+V.-ed heart-broken,man-made,state-owned
      (3)n.+adj. ice-cold,self-confident,world-famous
      (4)adj.+n. open-air,half-way,full-time,second-hand
      (5)n.+v-ing English-speking,hardworking,peace-loving
      (6)adj./adv.+v-ed well-educated,newly-published,wide-spread
      (7)other formations: take-away,face-to-face,arm-in-arm,upset
     :(1)n.+v.    moonwalk,self-design,typewrite
                 (2)adj.+v.        dumbfound,whitewash,ill-treat
                 (3)adv./prep. + v.   e,underline,overtake
     : however, maybe, indoors
     : himself,everyone,something
II,转化法(Conversion)单词的词类发生转化,而词形不变。
    .---v. to face a difficulty ,to film a story
    .---n. a firm stand, go to a show,have a talk/chat/swim/look/rest/glimpse
    ./adv.---v. to empty the dust-bin
    conversions: my home --- go home; up and down来回上下--- ups and downs盛衰沉浮
III,派生法(Deprivative) 词根加上前缀或后缀,改变单词的词义或词类。词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。在大多数情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,而后缀更多改变的是原词根的词性。
     从英语发展的历史中知道,现代英语的祖先是日耳曼语言持有者盎格鲁-撒克逊人的语言,他们于公元449年从北方欧洲大陆登陆不列颠,占据了本属于凯尔特人的土地,吸收了少量的凯尔特人的语言。以后随着希腊罗马文化在罗马帝国统治期间以及文艺复兴时期的两次大规模传播,英语吸