我国湿地的保护立法探析.pdf

摘要
湿地是地球上一种重要的生态系统,在调节气候、涵养水源、净化水质、降解污染物、
维持生物多样性等方面发挥着重大的环境功能与生态效益。我国湿地资源丰富,湿地面积
位居亚洲第一位,世界第四位,具有类型多、绝对数量大、分布广、区域差异显著、生物
多样性丰富等特点。但长期以来我国过度注重湿地资源的经济价值,重利用而轻保护,致
使湿地资源遭受严重破坏,亟需对湿地资源进行保护。20 世纪 90 年代以来,我国在湿地
保护和利用方面采取了一系列的措施,在一定程度上保护了湿地及其生物多样性。但由于
法制不健全、资金投入不足以及对湿地的生态价值不够重视等原因,目前我国的湿地资源
仍然没有得到切实有效的保护。
本文通过对我国湿地保护中存在的问题和立法现状进行分析,并与发达国家湿地保护
的立法与政策进行对比,以期对完善我国湿地保护立法提出有益的建议。全文共分为三个
部分:
第一部分是我国湿地资源利用和法律保护现状,对我国湿地资源利用中存在的问题及
原因进行概要性分析,并对我国国家层面的湿地保护立法、地方层面的湿地保护立法以及
与湿地保护有关的政策规划进行了梳理和分析。
第二部分对国外湿地保护立法进行介绍,并分析了这些国家的湿地保护立法对我国的
借鉴意义。
第三部分是完善我国湿地保护立法的思考,从立法指导思想、法律原则、管理体制、
具体制度以及法律责任等方面提出了完善我国湿地保护立法的建议。
关键词:湿地;生态价值;整体保护;立法研究
I
Abstract

Wetland is a kind of important ecosystem on the earth, which Playing significant
environmental functions and ecological benefits on climate adjustment,water conservation,water
purification,pollutants degradation and maintenance biodiversity. The wetland resources in our
country are plentiful and which possess the characteristics of various types,large quantity,wide
distribution,significant area differentiation and abundant biodiversity. The wetland area of China
is situated Asian first,world fourth. But we have long paid excessive attention to the economic
value of wetland resources with an air of valued utilization and despised protection which results
in serious damage to the Chinese wetland resources. It is urgent to protect the wetland resources
of China. Since the 1990s,China has adopted a series of measures with regard to wetland
protection and utilization which carry out the wetland protection and biodiversity to a certain
extent. But due to the imperfection of legal system,the deficiencies in capital investment and the
insufficiency of attention to the wetland ecological value,at present the wetland resources still
have not been effectively protected in our country.
This article intends to put forward the beneficial proposals of improvement in wetland
protection legislation by m