英语语言学笔记LinguisticsChapter1Introduction:LanguageandLinguisticsWhatislanguage?DifferentdefinitionsoflanguageLanguageisasystemwhosepartscanandmustbeconsideredintheirsynchronicsolidarity.(deSaussure,1916)[Languageis]aset(finiteorinfinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafinitesetofelements.(Chomsky,1957)Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-municatingideas,emotionsanddesiresbymeansofvoluntarilyproducedsymbols.Eachofthedefinitionsabovehaspointedoutsomeaspectsoftheessenceoflanguage,-facetednatureoflanguage.Asisagreedbylinguistsinbroadterms,munication.FeaturesofhumanlanguageCreativityLanguageprovidesopportunitiesforsendingmessagesthathaveneverbeensentbeforeandforunderstandingbrandnewmessages.Thegrammarrulesandthewordsarefinite,.DualityLanguagecontainstwosubsystems,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.Certainsoundsorsequencesofsoundsstandforcertainmeanings.Certainmeaningsareconveyedbycertainspeechsoundsorsequencesofspeechsounds.ArbitrarinessTherelationshipbetweenthetwosubsystemsoflanguageisarbitrary.Thereisnologicalconnectionbetweensoundandmeaning.DisplacementThereisnolimitintimeorspaceforlanguage.Languageca
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