解放战争时期沈阳及周边地区土改运动研究.pdf

解放战争时期沈阳及其周边地区土改运动的研究
中文摘要
解放战争初期,我国土地制度是一种集封建性、剥削性于一身的土地制度,它抑制农
民的劳动热情,阻碍农业的发展,使当时的社会生产力受到严重的束缚和破坏。因此,在
这一时期开展土改运动成为一项极其重要的工作。
从 1945 年 10 月至 1949 年 1 月,沈阳及其周边地区开展了声势浩大的土地改革运动。
这些地区的土改运动历经了重分“开拓地”与减租减息、保证耕者有其田、平分土地等阶
段,极大地提高了翻身农民的生产积极性,推动了农业生产力的恢复。虽然在土改运动中,
有侵犯中农的利益,对待地主、富农过“左”并波及开明士绅,破坏工商业发展的现象发
生。但是,总体上还是促进了沈阳及其周边地区政权的巩固和当地经济的平稳恢复,同时
推动了社会各方面的发展,有力地支援了东北的解放战争。
论文的正文部分共分为三个章节。第一章阐述了解放战争时期沈阳及其周边地区土改
运动的背景和战略意图。其中详细论述了开展土改运动的目的,以及当时的大环境为沈阳
及其周边地区土改运动提供了哪些有利条件。第二章阐述沈阳及其周边地区的土改运动是
如何开展起来的。本章分为三节,分别从兴起、高潮与尾声三个阶段论述了沈阳及其周边
地区的土改运动。在对土改过程的描述中主要以沈阳不同县镇的文史资料作为基础,系统
梳理了沈阳及其周边地区是如何落实党的土改政策的,写作过程中注重政策与史实的结
合。正文的最后章节主要阐述的是对这次土改运动的评价,包括土改运动的经验、不足、
作用及意义。

关键字:解放战争,土地改革,沈阳土改
Ⅰ
Land Reform in Shenyang and nearby areas
During China’s War of Liberation
Abstract
At the beginning of the China's War of Liberation, the land system in our country had both
feudal and exploitative characters, which inhibited enthusiasm of peasants and hinder the
development of agriculture. The social productivity at that time was fettered and disrupted
severely. Therefore, during this period the movement of land reform was a task of utmost
importance.
From October 1945 to January 1949, a massive movement of land reform was launched in
Shenyang and its surrounding area. This movement of land reform posed of stages of
redividing the "polder area", the reduction of rent and interest, to ensure land to the cultivator,
and the equal distribution of land, which greatly improved the enthusiasm of peasants and
promoted the recovery of agricultural productivity. Although during the movement of land
reform, it sometimes occurred that the interests of the middle peasants were impaired, farmers and
rich peasants were treated too radically, the local upper class with liberal attitude was affected, and
the industrial mercial development was disrupted, in general, the movement of land
reform promoted the regime consolidation and the recovery of the local eco