微观经济学名词解释Chapter1businesscycle经济周期fluctuationsineconomicactivity,suchasemploymentandproductioneconomics经济学;经济,国家的经济状况thestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarce缺乏的,;效率,效能;实力,能力;[物]性能;,平等;[数]相等,等式;thepropertyofdistributingeconomicprosperityuniformlyamongthemembersofsocietyexternality[,ekstɜː'nælɪtɪ]pensatedimpactofoneperson’sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander旁观者;局外人;看热闹的人incentivesomethingthatinducesapersontoactInflation[ɪn'fleɪʃ(ə)n]anincreaseintheoveralllevelofpricesintheeconomymarginalchangessmallincremental增加的adjustmentstoaplanofactionmarketeconomyaneconomythatallocatesresourcesthroughthedecentralized权力分散;人口疏散;密度分散;oodsandservicesmarketfailureasituationinwhichamarketleftonitsownfailstoallocate分配,分派;把…拨给;英[ˈæləkeɪt]resourcesefficientlymarketpowertheabilityofasingleeconomicactor(orsmallgroupofactors)tohaveasubstantialinfluenceonmarketpricesopportunitycostwhatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitemproductivitythequantityofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachunitoflaborinputpropertyrightstheabilityofanindividualtoownandexercisecontroloverscarceresourcesrationalpeoplepeoplewhosystematicallyandpurposefullydothebesttheycantoachievetheirobjectivesscarcitythelimitednatureofsociety’sresourcesChapter2circular-flowdiagramavisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholds家庭;家庭,户andfirmsmacroeconomics[,mækrəʊiːkə'nɒmɪks;-ek-]thestudyofeconomy-widephenomena,includinginflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowthmicroeconomics[,maɪkrəʊiːkə'nɒmɪksthestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinmarketsnormative['nɔːmətɪv]标准的statementsclaimsthatattempttoprescribe定,规定;指定,规定;美[prɪˈskraɪb]binationsofoutputthattheeconomycanpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactorsofproductionandtheavailableproductiontechnology['frʌntɪə)parativeadvantagetheabilitytoproduceagoodataloweropportunitycostthananotherproducerexportsgoodsproduceddomestically美[də'mestɪklɪ】petitivemarket完全竞争市场amarke
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