高考名词知识点.doc

一:名词的分类专有名词:指某人,某地,某机构等专有的名称,其首字母要大写。如HongKong,China,BillClinton,RedCross个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如 student,book名普可数名词词通集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family,school,group,people名词不可数名词物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:cotton,air,tea抽象名词:表示抽象概念,如:work,happiness,news二、名词的数1:可数名词有单、复数形式,规则名词单复数变化:绝大多数在词尾加s。如:book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,)以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。如:watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改为i,再加es。例如:baby,babies;family,families;以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接加s。例如:boy,boys;key,keys4)以f或fe结尾的名词,先将f或fe改为v,再加es构成复数形式,如:leaf,leaves;wife,:(1)单复数同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,species,works(工厂),Chinese,Japanese,Swiss(2)改变字母:man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,saleswoman--saleswomen,foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese,Mouse--Mice,phenomenon--phenomena(3)增加字母:child--children,ox–oxen(4)以o结尾的词:加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,o,kangaroo加es:tomato,potato,hero,Negro,dingo(5)以f或fe结尾的词:直接加s:roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变f为v再加es:life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief另外:handkerchief(handkerchiefs或handkerchieves):(1)集体名词只用作复数police,cattle,people,theyouth(2)集体名词用作不可数名词:clothing,furniture,luggage(baggage),wealth(3)集体名词视具体情况而定单复数:family,class,population,group,pany,mittee,audience,enemy(4)只有复数形式的名词:clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,scissors,goods,thanks,wishes,tears,troops,(5)以s结尾但不表示复数:,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 。