Drama——熊梦蕴●Drama♣"action"whichisderivedfrom"todo".Theenactmentofdramaintheatre,performedbyactorsonastagebeforeanaudience,presupposes(预先假定)collaborative(合作的)modesofproductionandacollectiveformofreception.♣Thestructureofdramatictexts,unlikeotherformsofliterature,isdirectlyinfluencedbythiscollaborativeproductionandcollectivereception●HistoryofWesterndrama♠ClassicalAtheniandrama♣-stateofAthensproducedthreegenresofdrama:edy,andthesatyrplay(【古希腊】森林之神滑稽短歌剧, 萨堤罗斯滑稽剧).Theiroriginsremainobscure,petitionsheldaspartoffestivitiescelebratingthegodDionysus(狄俄尼索斯:酒神和宗教狂欢庆祝大自然权力和丰饶之神).●Satyrplay♠edy,similarinspirittoburlesque(讽刺作品).Theyfeaturedchorusesofsatyrs,werebasedonGreekmythology,andwererifewithmockdrunkenness,brazensexuality,pranks,sightgags,,,,theatricaltypeofthesatyrplay♠Romandrama♣FollowingtheexpansionoftheRomanRepublic(509–27BCE)intoGreekbetween270–240BCE,(27BCE-476CE),theatrespreadwestacrossEurope,aroundtheMediterraneanandreachedEngland;Romantheatrewasmorevaried,extensiveandsophisticatedthanthatofanyculturebeforeit.♣WhileGreekdramacontinuedtobeperformedthroughouttheRomanperiod,theyear240BCEmarksthebeginningofregularRomandrama.♣ediesthatLiviusAndronicuswrotefrom240BCE.♠Medieval♣IntheMiddleAges,dramainthevernacular(本地语言)languagesofEuropemayhaveemergedfromreligiousenactmentsoftheliturgy(礼拜仪式).Mysteryplayswerepresentedontheporchofthecathedralsorbystrollingplayersonfeastdays.♠ElizabethanandJacobean♣,particularlyiambicpentameter(抑扬格五步音).♣InadditiontoShakespeare,suchauthorsasChristopherMarlowe,ThomasMiddletonwereprominentplaywrightsduringthisperiod.
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