被动语态.ppt

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英语被动语态
一、概述:英语中有两种语态,主动和被动。
例如:Many people speak English.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如:English is spoken by many 。
所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如:
He opened the 。(主动句) The door was 。(被动句)
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一般情况下,及物动词才能构成被动语态,
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及物动词就是说这个动作可以施加到别的物体上,也就是后加宾语。例如:He opened the door.“open”这个动词可以施加到“door”上,那它就是及物动词,宾语door也不可省略,否则句意不完整。(不知道到底开的是什么)
不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,就是后面不能加宾语。例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth。(不能说跑什么东西)
这就是及物和不及物的基本区别,学习单词时要参照提示的词性,在理解的基础上运用,因为英语里有的动词既可以是及物也可以是不及物的。例如:
She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词)
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二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时: am/is/are+taught
I teach English / English is taught by me.
一般过去时: was/were+taught
I taught English last year / English was taught by me last year.
一般将来时: will/shall(be going to) be+taught
I will teach English next week / English will be taught by me next week.
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现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught
I am teaching English / English is being taught by me.
过去进行时:was/were being+taught
I was teaching English from 8 to 10 yesterday / English was being taught by me from 8 to 10 yesterday.
现在完成时:have/has been+taught
I have taught English for two years / English has been taught by me for two years.
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过去完成时:had been +taught
I had taught English for two hours when Jack arrived / English had been taught by me for two hours when Jack arrived.
过去将来时:would(was/were going to) be+taught
I knew I would teach English when I was still a little boy.
I knew English would be taught by me when I was still a little boy.
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三、被动语态的用法
 (1)不知道或没有