人教版化学必修二知识点.docxH2n+H2n(n=2)C=H2n~2(n=2)C=CAromatichydrocarbons:H2n-6(n=6)pounds::poundstoformavarietyoflinearandcyclicisomerism;pounds:hespatialstructureof1,methane:tetrahedronstructurenature:Physicalproperties:colorless,tasteless,insolubleinwater,naturalgas,methane(pitgas)ponentsofliquefiedpetroleumgasChemicalproperties:methanestablereactionwithacidandalkali,bustible(2)substitutionreaction(3)positionCH3C1gasCH2C12liquidCHC13(14use:goodfuel;preparationofH2,carbonblack,chloroformetc.・theexperimentwillbefullofCH4andC12:(volumeratio1:4)tubeupsidedowninthewatertank,thestronglightafteraperiodoftime,willseethecolor tubegas,liquidlevelinthepipe ,theinnerwallofthetesttubehas ;addingAgN03solutiontoremovetube,tubesolution,see generation(14 ,_densitythanwaterThesecondsectionofalkanesalkane:structure:Thehydrocarbonmoleculesofcarboninthesinglechainlink,bine,calledhydrocarbons,oralkane・nomenclatureofalkanes:Simplenomenclatureofalkanes:thenumberofcarbonatomsina,B,C,D,e,G,Xin,Ren,omenclature:,findtheIongestcarbonchainbackbone;-recentlybranchedchaincodingname,plexCH(CH3)2CH(C2H5)C(CH3)3isthenameof Thenameof2,3,3three-methylethylbutaneiscorrectthenatureofalkanes:Theincreaseofmolecularweight,meltingpointandboilingpointincreased,densityincreases,bygas,liquidtosolid(4carbonatomsorlessisgaseous)Isomerishighermeltingpointandboilingpoint:Theroomtemperaturepropertiesisverystable,generallynotwithacidandalkalisolution,KMnO4reactionIncertainconditions,c.・thedefinitionofhomologues:structurallysimilarmoleculesinnareCH2atomsinsubstancescalledeachotherhomologues・Methane,:-CH3;alkylmethyl,ethyl-CH2CH3iscalledisomer:Thedefinition:havethesamemolecularformula,butwithdifferentstructures,poundswithisomerismclaimedisomers・Twoisomerssuchasbutaneandisobutaneisbutane,pounds・Thenumberofisomers:CH4,C2H6,C3H8;C4H102;C5H123;C6H145;poundsofelementalatomsconditionAnexampleisCH2structureofdifferentstructureanddifferentnumberofneutronsEthaneandbutan
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