政治经济环境,分析外部环境相关.ppt

第四单元:政治经济环境与国际管理

:企业外部环境分析;进入模式分析中
RMIT University
Slide 2
Economy
A term that stresses that “the political, economic, and legal systems of a country are interdependent; they interact and influence each other, and in doing so they affect the level of economic well-being”(Hill et al, 2008)
RMIT University
Slide 3
Systems
System of government in a nation
Political systems can be assessed according to two dimensions
Degree to which they emphasise collectivism as opposed to individualism
Degree to which they are democratic or totalitarian
RMIT University
Slide 4
(1)Collectivism and Individualism
Collectivism
Collective goals are more important than individual goals
Individual rights are sacrificed for the good of the majority
In the modern world collectivism is expressed through socialism
Individualism
Is the direct opposite of collectivism
Central is that individual economic and political freedoms are the ground rules on which society is based
(2)Political risk风险
The likelihood that a government or society will undergo political changes that negatively affect local business activity (Wild, Wild & Han, 2008)
Sources of political risk:
Political instability
Corrupt or poor leadership
Frequent changes in government
Role of religious or military leaders
Poor relations with other countries
Types of political risk
Macro risk – threatens everyone
Micro risk – threatens a few
(3)风险因素Political Risk Factors
Conflict and violence
Terrorism and kidnapping
Property seizure
Policy changes
Ethnocentrism
School of Management
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(4)矛盾和暴力Political Conflict and Violence
Arises from:
People’s resentment toward government
Territorial disputes between nations
Ethnic, racial or religious disputes
Reduces ability to:
Obtain materials and equipment
Manufacture and distribute products
Protect employees’ lives and firm’s assets
RMIT University©2010
School of Management
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(5)Property Seizure
Confiscation
Forced transfer of