戴望舒的诗论.pdf

戴望舒的诗论

内容摘要

戴望舒的诗论不是体系完备的诗学专著,而是一些零札片论。对这
些象一首首短诗的文字如脱离上下文,单独索解,往往会与原意相悖。
本文把戴望舒的诗论作为一个整体,通过上下文甚至不同时段书写的文
字互相参照,力图再现它的真实原貌。
区别于一般的分期研究,本文采用了关键词研究法。通过提炼出三
个关键词“诗情”、“诗髓”和“生物”作为视点进行细读,本文发现戴
望舒的诗论存在“本质的追询”、“为存在命名”和“无名即有名”三个
渐次演进同时又前后关联的逻辑层次。
“诗情”说是戴望舒在开始致力于对诗歌作“本质的追询”的初步
认识。在戴氏诗论中,“诗情”没有被作一般的简单抽象,而是具化为
一系列的形式规范,从而有着崭新的现代诗学内涵。随着创作和翻译的
互相推进,戴望舒进一步提出“诗髓”说,认为“古诗和新诗也有着共
同之一点的。那就是永远不会变价值的‘诗之精髓’”。戴望舒以“诗髓”
之有无作为判断“诗”与“非诗”的区别,体现了他“为存在命名”的
努力。在为诗歌命名的过程中,戴望舒一方面由中国古代的名学受到启
发,另一方面也吸取了西方象征派诗学“应和”这个“合理内核”,同
时由“有无之争”的古代思辨传统得到领悟。在诗、诗论、诗人三位一
体的建构中,戴望舒以“生物”说对三者进行了贯通。直接简单命名的
放弃,反而使戴望舒对诗歌的认识达到了“无名即有名”新的综合的高
度。
关键词:“诗情”说“诗髓”说“生物”说
Dai Wangshu’s Poetics
Abstract

Dai Wangshu’s poetics is not a monograph with self-contained system,but
some fragmentary reading notes. Reading the words like some versicles, deviating
from the context, we often get the contrary oppion of the writer. The paper looks
Dai Wangshu’s poetics as an integer. By consulting with the context and the artics
written at different time,the paper tries to reappear the inward visage of Dai
Wangshu’s poetics.
Other than generic study by stages, the paper adopts the way of using key
Dai Wangshu’s poetics through abstracting three key words:
“emotion of poetries”、“quintessence of poetries” and “creatures”, the paper finds
that there exist three logic arrangements of ideas in Dai Wangshu’s poetic which
are interrelated, . “probing for the nature”、“name for existence” and “the
unknown are known”.
“Emotion of poetries” in Dai’s poetic is the primary cognition got by Dai
Wangshu at his beginning of seeking after “probing for the nature”. Haven’t been
abstracted simply, “Emotion of poetries” was rystallized as a series of form
criterion, and had brand-new modern poetic connotation. Interadvanced with his
writing and translating, Dai Wangshu brought forward “quintessence of poetries”.
He reckoned that “ancient poetry and new poetry have mon grou