音标基础知识.doc

icSymbols音标基础知识编稿人:陈靖波校对:高一英语组(一)国际音标(icsymbols)国际音标是由录世界各主要语言的语音。语言学中,音标是记录音素的符号。音素分为元音音素(vowels)和辅音音素(consonants)。国际音标共48个,元音音素/音标20个,辅音音素/音标28个。国际音标发音表发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音叫辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音,发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。(二)音节(Syllable)音节是最小的发音单位。根据元音个数分为单音节、双音节、多音节。单词中发音特别响亮的音节叫重读音节。多音节中使用重音符号(')和次重音符号(,)。按照发音规律还可划分为开音节和闭音节。开音节: a)辅音+元音+辅音+e:name,these,bike,home,useb)辅音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three闭音节: a)辅音+元音+辅音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup, b)元音+辅音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant(三)/ / / / ,k,ck/k/ /,/ʤ/,ph/f// ,c/s/ /,/ʒ/ / /θ/,/ð/ ,tch/ʧ/ / /dr/ / /l/ / / ,ng/ŋ/ ,wh/w/ ,y/j/ ,h/h/ / :/ cap cook e cold closec/s/ city certainly rice piece pencil nice / girl good god blog fog graduateg/ʤ/ orange large vegetable change geography / rose close as his busy nose pleases/s/ bus glass class sister sit horse houses/ʒ/ usual pleasure treasure measure televisions/ʃ/ sure / chick much child which each peach Chinach/k/ school stomach chemistry headachech/ʃ/ / watch match / sheep ship English shirt shout / thick think thank mouth birthday thirteen southth/ð/ this these those that with father