高速公路汽车防追尾系统研究.doc

工程硕士学位论文
高速公路汽车防追尾系统研究
摘要
高速公路交通系统在我国的兴起,正改变着我国陆上交通的格局。然而近年来,道路交通安全形势越来越严峻,交通事故给家庭、集体和国家都带来了巨大的损失,已成为世界性的严重问题。这其中自高速公路投入使用以来,事故频发,已严重影响人们对使用高速公路的信心,据有关统计资料表明,在众多的高速公路交通事故中,追尾碰撞引起的事故占最多数,因此,研发一种高性能的汽车追尾防撞预警系统成为迫切的需要。
本文在借鉴了国内外诸多汽车防撞模型及研究成果的基础上,从车辆动力学和运动学两方面详细分析了汽车的制动过程,并且根据汽车的运动状态建立了实用、简单的汽车防撞预警模型。通过对高速公路追尾碰撞事故原因的分析,提出了汽车追尾防撞预警系统设计要求,并确定了系统的设计方案。整个系统由各种传感器、数据采集电路、声光报警电路、液晶显示电路等组成,系统采用高性能的ARM7芯片S3C44B0X作为中央处理器,保证了系统工作的实时性。论文对汽车追尾防撞预警系统所需传感器进行了分析、比较和选型;制作、调试了系统硬件部分;采用汇编与C语言结合的方式编写系统所需软件,并将此软件在硬件上进行了调试;论文针对系统应用的环境,从软件和硬件两方面对系统进行了可靠性设计,从而使系统更加稳定可靠。最后,论文还通过实验对系统各项功能进行了考察,实验表明系统声光报警、抑制报警、液晶显示等各项功能基本实现了系统的设计要求。
关键词:追尾,防撞预警系统,碰撞模型,S3C44B0X,ARM7
Abstract
The rising of rapid transit on freeway is changing the pattern of overland traffic in our country. The traffic safety condition is ing increasingly serious in recent years. The traffic accidents have e a worldwide problem which make great lost to our families and country. While the frequent accidents have badly touched the confidence of people using them since the freeways were devote to using, the statistic shows that the accidents resulted from Rear-end Collision are in the majority among the accidents in expressway. The statistic shows that the Rear-end Collision is of the majority in all expressway accidents. Therefore it es an urgent necessity to develop a high-performance Collision Warning System.
This paper conducts both the dynamic and kinematic analysis of the automobile braking process. Referring to many research fruits in automobile anti-collision of the world, the paper establishes a simple and applicable model of anti-collision alarm system based on the automobile’s movement status. By analyzing the cause of Rear-end Collision, the dissertation put forward the system requirements and then designs scheme. The whole system consists of various sensors, data collection circuit, alarming circuit of sound and light, display circuit of LCD screen. The high-powered chip,as the central processing unit,is used to c