美国文学简史复习纲要.doc

美国文学简史复习纲要美国文学简史复习纲要 ColonialPeriod殖民时期 (1600s-1790s) AmericanPuritanism美国清教主义:self-examination/self-improvementI.                  JonathanEdwards(1703-1758):Calvinist加尔文教徒II.               BenjaminFranklin本杰明富兰克林 (1706-1790)(1)      PoorRichard’sAlmanac(2)      TheAutobiography自传 EarlyAmericanRomanticism早期美国浪漫主义时期(1800s-1840s)1.        features(1)      Asalogicalresultoftheforeignandnativefactorsatwork,Americanromanticismwasboth .               WashingtonIrving华盛顿欧文 (1783-1859)1.        severalnamesattachedtoIrving(1)      firstAmericanwriter(2)      themessengersentfromthenewworldtotheoldworld(3)      fatherofAmericanliterature美国文学之父2.        works(1)      TheSketchBook见闻札记: RipVanWinkle, TheLegendofSleepyHollowIII.            JamesFenimoreCooper库柏 (1789-1851)1.        works(1)      LeatherstockingTales皮袜子故事集 :TheDeerslayer,TheLastoftheMohicans,ThePathfinder,ThePioneer,ThePrairie2.        literaryachievementsCooper’s – NewEnglandTranscendentalism/AmericanRenaissance新英格兰超验主义---美国浪漫主义鼎盛时期(1840s-)I.                  Appearance提出 1836,“Nature”byEmerson爱默生、《论自然》II.               Features1.        spirit/oversoul2.        importanceofindividualism3.        nature–symbolofspirit/God4.        focusinintuition(irrationalismandsubconsciousness)III.            Influence1.        IthelpedtocreatethefirstAmericanrenaissance美国文学复兴 –oneofthemostprolificperiodinAmericanliterature、.             RalphWaldoEmerson(1802-1882)1.        works(1)      Nature—themanifestoofAmericanTranscendentalism.《论自然》的发表是美国超验主义出现的标志。(2)       TheAmericanScholar《美国学者》regardedasthe“DeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”.V.                HenryDavidThoreau亨利大卫梭罗(1817-1862)(1)      Walden瓦尔登湖 “Simplicity…simplify!”(2)      APleaforJohnBrown(