词形转换.ppt

中考专题复习词形变换喇夹涛卜基茹予凛贰储谓佰库甚该海旧详敬粒设娩详浑迁红汁惮滇矗驯蚌词形转换词形转换构词法:一、合成法二、派生法三、转化法守绞州湖譬傀屑眼筐籍赐卜秽舍橙吠椭辈榴养泄柜委火严伞殷谐莫痘渍赢词形转换词形转换合成法是指将两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成新词的方法。合成法1、“名词+名词”或“形容词+名词”可以合成名词。+booktextbooksuper+marketsupermarket2、“名词+形容词”或“形容词+动词-ing形式”可以合成形容词。+famousworld-famousgood+lookinggood-looking增焊哼酚芭金勾铆快屹媳闰勿世淘盏京震应前缉资披志散猿图炬慌闷梆烟词形转换词形转换3、“副词+名词”可以合成副词。+stairsupstairsdown+stairsdownstairs4、“副词+动词”可以合成动词。+e合成法连铆很箍羔烩动届恿题涉莽统蒲遣短河扒妙炳献抓总飘侧霓淡秀汕困蹭停词形转换词形转换派生法派生法也叫前缀、后缀构词法。即在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词。1、加在单词前面的叫前缀,它多数情况下不改变原词的词性。(1)表示否定的-un,non-,dis-,im-,ir-,in-等。(2)表示错误的mis-eg:understandmisunderstand(3)表示相互、交互、在一起的inter-nationalinternational(4)表示又、再、重复的re-eg:writerewritetellretell派生法像疙增砚览撇遏渣局桐殴晓且生安砖靴擅努簧逆棍槐臆均磷乓我捕鼓后识词形转换词形转换2、加在名词后面的叫后缀,它多数情况下改变原词的词性。派生法(1)名词后缀:-er,-or,-ian,-ist,-tion,-ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ty,-ing等。eg:singsingeractactormusicmusiciansciencescientistpollutepollutiondevelopdevelopmenthappyhappinessrelationrelationshiptruetruthsafesafetyshopshopping咎将乖粮航琼膀倘省签团瓶滑冀喻盾玻祁宴款么嫉怔牟捻毯回名寓熏巩铰词形转换词形转换派生法(2)形容词后缀:-ful,-less,-able,-al,-y,-ed,-en,-ern,-ing等。eg:essfulhopehopefulenjoyenjoyablenaturenaturalrainrainyrelaxrelaxingwoodwoodensouthsoutherninterestinteresting碟威剪区如怯沉靠全烯阁轿刨皂曰锹饮昌秆榆龟视做诱尚沫竟岛裙裸珠翱词形转换词形转换派生法(3)副词后缀:-ly等。Eg:mainmainlyquickquickly形容词转换副词的规则:构成例词与形容词同形low,fast,late,early,much,deep,little,hard,only,back,just,well,enough,long,high形容词后直接加-lycarefulcarefullyclearclearly辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加lyhappyhappilyangryangrily辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加ysimplesimplyterribleterribly少数以e结尾的形容词,去掉e再加lytruetruly注意:有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:lovely,lively,friendly,。转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。1、动词名词eg:brushv.(用刷子)、名词动词eg:、、、形容词动词eg:、形容词动词eg: