冠词:(1)a,an,表泛指aknifeandfork一副刀叉(因为刀和叉通常是配在一起的,所以fork前面不加a。a+不可数的抽象名词。。(2)the表特指指独一无二的事物。thesun,themoon,theearth太阳,月亮,地球。指方位。theeast,thenorthwest,theleft东方,西北方,左边用在乐器名词前。playthepiano弹钢琴用在发明物的单数名词前。inventthewheel发明轮子同在序数词前。theforthmap第四张地图。theSecondWorldWar第二次世界大战。(3)零冠词,即什么冠词都不加复数可数名词前球类,棋类名称前。playfootball踢足球。playchess下棋物质名词前。air空气日常饮食前havebreakfast吃早饭。名词:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念专有名词 Mary,Beijing普通名词可数个体名词book,,police(后面不能加s)不可数物质名词water,sand抽象名词happiness,sadness (1)可数名词。名词的复数构成规则①一般在词尾直接加-s。如desk—desks,map—maps,pencil—pencils,question—questions,letter—letters。②以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。如bus—buses,thermos—thermoses,class—classes,glass—glasses,box—boxes,brush—brushes,wish—wishes,match—matches,sandwich—sandwiches,watch—watches。但stomach—stomachs等。③以字母f,fe结尾的名词,把f,fe变为v,再加-es。如half—halves,leaf—leaves,self—selves,shelf—shelves,knife—knives,life—lives,thief—thieves,wife—wives。④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es。如city—cities,baby—babies,factory—factories。但是Mary—Marys,Henery—Henerys,Germany—Germanys等专有名词则直接加-s。⑤以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词加-es。如zero—zeroes,tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes。但不少以o结尾的外来词变复数时只加-s。如radio—radios,photo—photos,piano—pianos,zoo—zoos等。一般可数名词单数变复数后面加s或es,但以下除外:man→menwoman→womenfoot→feet 脚tooth→teeth牙goose→geese鹅mouse→mice老鼠child→children小孩ox→oxen公牛phenomenon→phenomena现象basis→bases基础有些名词单复数形式相同means方法series 系列fish 鱼sheep羊deer鹿Chinese中国人,以及其他-ese结尾的表示某国人的词但是,下面表示“某国人”的名词变复数需加-s。America—Americans,Asian—Asians,Australian—Australians,European—Europeans只有复数形式的名词trousers(裤子),glasses(眼镜),thanks(感谢),clothes(衣服),goods(货物),compasses(圆规),stairs(楼梯),people(人们),chopsticks(筷子),scissors(剪刀),shorts(短裤)这些名词在句中作复数使用,谓语动词和代词均用复数形式。必背!givealesson 教(一堂)课 havearest 休息takeabath洗(个)澡haveafever发烧haveagoodtime过得愉快have(take)awalk 散步 haveaheadache 头疼 haveanicetrip旅途愉快alotof,alot,alittle,afew,aglassof,sucha/an,haveawordwith,havealook,haveatry,haveaswim,aquarter,halfanhour,threetimesaday,haveatalk,giveatalk,tenYuanakilo代词定义:代词是代替名词的
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