大学英语自学教程（下）.doc

大学英语自学教程(下)
01-A. What Is a Decision? 2
01-B. Secrets of ess at an Interview 4
02-A. Black Holes 7
02-B. Worlds within Worlds 9
03-A. Euthanasia: For and Against 11
03-B. Advantage Unfair 13
04-A. Slavery on Our Doorstep 16
04-B. Return of The Chain Gang 18
05-A. The New Music 20
05-B. Different Types posers 21
06-A. Improving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics 23
06-B. Predicting Earthquakes 25
07-A. Leisure and Leadership 27
07-B. The Time Message 29
08-A. Jet Lag: Prevention and Cure 32
08-B. Coetrolling Your Concentration 34
09-A. Aging in European Countries 37
09-B. Children's Self-esteem 39
10-A. The Campaign for Election 42
10-B. The American Two-party System 44
11-A. Sacrificed to Science? 46
11-B. Let's Stop Keeping Pets 49
12-A. Let Your Mind Wander 51
12-B. To Sleep, Perchance to Dream 55
13-A. Work, Labor, and Play 59
13-B. The Workman'pensation 61
14-A. The Teacher's Last Shocking lesson 64
14-B. The Seeds of Wrath 66
15-A. puter and The Poet 69
15-B. Changes e in U. S. Education 71
01-A. What Is a Decision?
A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and anizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of plishing them.
Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, hut since uncertainty is always there, risk panies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.
Choice is the opportunity to sel