HEMATURIA BASIC COURSE OF DIAGNOSIS Xiaoqi Xu Renji Hospital Shanghai Second Medical University CONTENT Definition of hematuria Etiology Clinical feature Differential diagnosis Laboratory tests panied symptoms DEFINITION More than three red blood cells are found in centrifuged urine per high-power field microscopy ( > 3 RBC/HP). Normal urine: no red blood cell or less than three red blood cell According to the amount of RBC in the urine, hematuria can be classified as: microscopic hematuria: normal colour with eyes gross hematuria: tea-colored, cola-colored, pink or even red ETIOLOGY Diseases of the urinary system—the mon cause Vascular arteriovenous malformation arterial emboli or thrombosis arteriovenous fistular nutcracker syndrome renal vein thrombosis loin-pain hematuria syndrom cogulation abnormality excessive anticogulation Glomerular IgA nehropathy thin basement membrane disease ( syndrome) other causes of primary and secondary glomerulonephritis Interstitial allergic interstitial nephritis analgesic nephropathy renal cystic diseases acute pyelonephritis tuberculosis renal allograft rejection Uroepithelium malignancy vigorous excise trauma papillary necrosis cystitis/urethritis/prostatitis(usually caused by infection) parasitic diseases (. schistosomiasis) nephrolithiasis or bladder calculi Multiple sites or source unknown hypercalciuria hyperuricosuria System disorders a. Hematological disorders aplastic anemia leukemia allergic purpura hemophilia ITP (idiopathy thrombocytopenic purpura) b. Infection infective endocarditis septicemia epidemic hemorrhagic fever (Hantaan virus) scarlet fever (-hemolytic us) leptospirosis (leptospire) filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi) c. Connective tissue diseases systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) polyarteritis nodosa d. Cariovascular diseases hypertensive nephropathy chronic heart failure renal artery sclerosis e. Endocrin
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