室内环境与健康 IndoorAirPollution.ppt

Indoor Air Pollution
Reasons for Special Concern
~75–90% of time spent indoors
−Time depends on season, age, gender, health status
Many air pollutants known to be hazardous to health are emitted indoors
Indoor environments trap pollutants
−Levels may be 2 to 5 times higher than outside
Air Inside a Building Can Be Polluted as a Result of
Energy conservation measures
−“Air tightening”of buildings−Ventilation 通风,
standards lowered􀂄流通空气
Building occupancy􀂄
Human activities inside the structure􀂄
Gas-off from synthetic building materials􀂄合成的, 人造的, 综合的
Reliance on forced air ventilation
systems
Biogenic pollutants
−Aeropathogens 病原体(物)
−Aeroallergens 医高空过敏症, 气源性致敏原
Infiltration from outdoors 渗透
−Molds and fungi, combustion sources, animal dander, outdoor air pollution􀂄
Reactivity of pollutants􀂄
Poor housing conditions
−Vermin and pests 有害物
害虫, 寄生虫, 害兽, 害鸟, 歹徒
Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants
Sources
Pollutants
Soil and groundwater
Radon and radioactive progeny
Building materials and furnishings (carpeting, paint, varnish, adhesives)
Formaldehyde, asbestos, vinyl chloride, organic fumes
Personal
activities and hobbies
Cigarette smoking, fireplace smoke, solvent and glue fumes
Appliances, cooking, and heating
Carbon monoxide, natural gas, cooking odors, boiler and heater fumes
Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants
More Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants
Sources
Pollutants
Household chemicals (bleach, oven cleaner, insect sprays, nail polish, hair spray)
Ammonia, hydrogen chloride, pesticides, organic fumes, aerosols
Electronic equipment and wiring
Organic fumes, ic radiation
Pets
Hair, feces, proteins, dust
Plants
Pollen, hydrocarbons
More Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants
The Stack Effect
Air Pollution in the Home