Irony(反语)DefinitionsHenryWatsonFowler,inTheKing'sEnglish,says“anydefinitionofirony—thoughhundredsmightbegiven,epted—mustincludethis,thatthesurfacemeaningandtheunderlyingmeaningofwhatissaidarenotthesame."Also,EricPartridge,inUsageandAbusage,writesthat"Ironyconsistsinstatingthecontraryofwhatismeant.",butwithindicationsintheoverallspeech-situationthatthespeakerintendsaverydifferent,andoftenopposite,attitudeorevaluation.(说话人利用词汇、语法手段表示明显的反意)Forexample:assoftasconcreteasclearasmud"aspleasantandrelaxedasacoiledrattlesnake"(KurtVonnegutfromBreakfastofChampions)Itmustbedelightfultofindoneselfinaforeigncountrywithoutapennyinone’,assumingthatyoulivedsomeplacewherethatwasverynormal."CircumstantialIrony(alsocallIronyofFate)指由于事态的发展同某人原来的意料或期待相反而造成的一种嘲弄Forexample:'sstoryTheGiftoftheMagi,-'bsforherlong,beautiful,,,theaudienceisawareofsomethingwhichacharacteronthestageisstillignorantof.(同CircumstantialIrony密切相关,区别在于它往往指作者对IronyofFate叙述中带总结性的画龙点睛之笔,突出戏剧性的转变)Forexample:InRomeoandJuliet,theothercharactersinthecastthinkJulietisdead,'scharacterisnotamillionaire,buttheblindflowergirl(VirginiaCherrill): ,或辞面意义和辞里含义之间形成反差; ; 、相关等辞格的出现都可能是反语的标志。 EX.(判断句子是否用了反语的修辞) Conscienceistheinnervoicewhichwarnsusthatsomeonemaybelooking.(Yes) Heannouncedtothepressthathe’
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