词汇学chapter 2.ppt

Chapter2,(I)*(词素)isthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,(form)+-eme,(I)*,however,(I)*---nationtwomorphemes---nation-alThreemorphemes---nation-al-izeFourmorphemes---de-nation-al-izeMorethanfourmorphemes---de-nation-al-iz-ationAword,therefore,’(I)*(词素变体),theinflectionalmorpheme(屈折词素)–(e)sofbooks,pigs,horseshasthesamemeaning“morethanone,”yetithasthreedifferentphonologicalforms:/-s,-z,iz/.Thethreeformsarevariantsofthesamemorpheme–(I)*-ion/-tion/-sion/-–ion(asininvent,invention);verbsendingwithconsonantsotherthan/t/take–tion(asindescribe,description);verbsendingin–ifyand–izetake–ation(asinjustify,justification;modernize,modernization);verbsendingin–d,-de,or–mit,take–sion(asinexpansion,decision,omission);thereareexceptions:attend,attention;convert,(I)*-occursbeforep,b,orm(imperfect,imbalance,etc);ir-beforer(irregular,irresponsible);il-beforel(illogical,illegal);in-beforeallotherconsona