初中语法数词讲解.docx

数词数词分为基数词和序数词两种,基数词表示人或事物的数量,序数词表示人或事物的次序。注:数词与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称之为限定词。一、基数词和序数词基数词0zero序数词onefirst/1sttwosecond/2ndthreethird/3rdfourfourth/4thfivefifth/5thsixsixth/6thsevenseventh/7theighteighth/8thnineninth/9thtententh/10theleveneleventh/11thtwelvetwelfth/12ththirteenthirteenth/13thfourteenfourteenth/14thfifteenfifteenth/15thsixteensixteenth/16thseventeenseventeenth/17theighteeneighteenth/eenth/19thtwentytwentieth/20th第一第二第三第四第五第六第七第八第九第十第十一第十二第十三第十四第十五第十六第十七第十八第十九第二十Twenty-onetwenty-first/21stTwenty-twotwenty-second/22ndTwenty-threetwenty-third/23rd第二十一第二十二第二十三30thirtythirtieth/30th第三十140fortyfortieth/40th50fiftyfiftieth/50th60sixtysixtieth/60th70seventyseventieth/70th80eightyeightieth/ieth/90th100hundredhundredth/100th第四十第五十第六十第七十第八十第九十第一百基数词的构成和用法(1)最基本的基数词如下表所示:y(2)基数词的写法①21~99的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例:◇21twenty-one◇32thirty-two◇y-eight◇y-nine②101~999的三位数,百位数和后面的数之间用连词and,百、千等数词一律用单数形式。例:◇101onehundredandone◇225twohundredandtwentyfive◇y-nine③1000以上的数,从后面向前数,每三位中间点“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。例:◇2,567twothousandfivehundredandsixty-seven◇3,018threethousandandeighteen(3)基数词的用法①作主语。例:◇。◇Twoandthreeare(is)。②作定语。例:◇。2◇。③作宾语。例:◇,但他给了我五个。◇。④作表语。例:◇—Whattimeisit?几点钟啦?—It’。(4)疑难点hundred,thousand和million在合成数词中一般用单数形式,但是用来表示不定数目时,用作复数形式。例:◇Hundredsofworkerswillgoonstrike.◇,thousand等词前没有数词修饰,且通常其复数形式与of连用。序数词的构成与用法(1)序数词的构成①一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例:◇four+th→fourth◇six+th→sixth◇seven+th→seventh◇ten+th→tenth②下面这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特殊的变化。例:◇one→first◇two→second◇three→third◇five→fifth◇eight→eighth◇nine→ninth◇twelve→twelfth③十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i,然后再加eth。例:◇twenty→twentieth◇thirty→thirtieth◇forty→fortieth◇y→ieth④两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。例:◇twenty-one→twenty-first◇thirty-five→thirty-fifth◇ahundredandfifty-three→ahundredandfift