初高中英语衔接课.docx

安居育才中学2014高英语句子成分和结构编写:赵涛June19th.2011Goodbeginningishalfdone!初高中英语衔接课:弄懂基本概念,了解句子基本句子结构句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分.◆◆◆句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足。☆☆☆(三)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词◆◆◆:句子成分:☆☆☆:(一)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。例如:划出下列句子中的主语:Duringthe1990s,emoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)mokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)herichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(如be,e,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。划出句中表语:例如:OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)Isityours?(代词)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Thespeechisexciting.(分词)Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语).(副词)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)可见表语是由______;_________;__________;___________;___________;总结:主语通常可由什么充当:______;_______;________;________;__________;___________;_____________;____________;____________充当。☆☆☆(四)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。_________;__________;___________.☆☆☆:(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:划出句子中的谓语部分:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:.划出句中的宾语:例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)ingtoschoolontime.(代词)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.It