ever用法.doc

多数英语学习者见到词尾带-ever的单词就习惯性地将其译成"无论……",其实这种做法在很多情况下是行不通的,因为那只是这类单词的用法之一,除此之外此类单词还有其他一些用法值得英语学习者注意。因这类单词在阅读和测试中出现频率较高,而在不同语境中其用法和含义却不尽相同。在近三年的全国英语四级试题中每年都有一道涉及-ever用法的试题:1))whateverB)whomeverC)whicheverD)whoever2)eacross,we')WhereverB)Whatever C)HoweverD)Whenever3))whoeverB)whomever C)whoD)whom 在第2)题中,whatever意为"无论什么"引导状语从句;而在第1)和第3)题中,who-ever意为"thepersonwho或anyonewho",用来引导宾语从句。这类由"特殊疑问词+ever"构成的单词有:whatever,whichever,whoever,wherever,whenever,::这也是这类单词最常见的用法,一般译为"无论……"。如:Keepcalm,whateverhappens.(无论什么)Whoeveryouare,youcan'tpassthisway.(无论谁)Iwillfindherwherevershemaybe.(eandseemewheneveryouwantto.(无论何时)Howeverfrightenedyoumaybeyourself,youmustremainoutwardlycalm.(无论怎样),whoever,whichever引导名词性从句1)whatever起双重作用,相当于"anythingthat"或"any...that",可引导主语从句和宾语从句。①可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词,相当于"anythingthat",在从句中作主语或宾语。如:WhateverIhaveisatyourservice.(引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语)Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey'regiven.(引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语)I'esintomymind.(引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语)②可以将其看成兼为先行词的关系代词,相当于"any...that,在从句中作定语。如:Shewouldtellhimwhatevernewsshegot.(=anynewsthat)Whatevermeasuresareadoptedmustbeconsistentwiththerules.(=anymeasuresthat)2)whoever起双重作用,相当于"anyonewho",可引导主语从句和宾语从句。前面提到的2000年1月和2002年12月的两道四级试题均属于此种用法。又如:Iwillgivemytickettowhoeverwantsit.(引导宾语从句)Whoevergetsthejobwillhavealotofworktodo.(引导主语从句)3)whichever引导主语从句或宾语从句