染色体结构 ChromosomeStructure原核生物染色体(hromosome)真核生物染色质和染色体(hromatinandchromosome)基因组的复杂性(plexity)遗传信息的传递(icinformation)hromosome()(nucleiod)DNA:闭合环状(closedcircular)长度(4600kb)浓度(30-50mg/ml) 蛋白质:聚合酶(polymerase)阻遏物(repressor)-100DNAloop(50-100kb)Scaffold(membrane-plex)(supercoilingofthegenome)negativesupercoiling(whole)topologicallyindependent(somedomains)(DNA-bindingproteins)非特异性结合蛋白(histone-likeprotein,稳定和限制)ProteinHU(dimeric/positive)ProteinH-NS(H1)(monomeric/neutral/bentregion)特异性结合蛋白RNApolymerase(andmRNA)IHF(integrationhostfactor)HUhomolog(bendDNAthrough140º),Chromosome/-histone(酸性蛋白,HMG蛋白)Histone碱性蛋白(20-30%Lys/Arg)HighlyconservedH2A/H2B/H3/H4:10-20kDaH1:~(基本单位)组蛋白八聚体核心组蛋白(H2A/H2B/H3/H4*2)146bpDNA(,left-handed)H1+20bpDNA(stabilize,fullturns)LinkerDNA(0~100bp,55bp)螺线管Solenoid(30nm,left-handed)更高级的结构100kbloop,(着丝粒)ochore——蛋白质复合体mitoticspindle88bpA-Trich+shortregions(yeast)longersequence+satelliteDNA(mammalian)Telosome(端粒)重复序列repeatedsequence 端粒酶telomerase 独立合成(independentreplication)(异染色质)间期高度压缩 转录不活跃transcriptionallyinactive 卫星DNA(着丝点)X染色体Euchromatin(常染色质)转录活跃activegene(10%)promoter(bindingtranscriptionfactor)
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