英语语言学-语言学知识点.ppt

语言学知识点语言学知识点?? I I 语言学导论语言学导论?? II II 语言学主要分支学科语言学主要分支学科?? III III 语言学的流派和理论语言学的流派和理论 I I 语言学导论语言学导论 1. design feature of language 1. design feature of language (语言的定义特征) (语言的定义特征) 2. Language Families ( 2. Language Families ( 世界语言分类世界语言分类) ) 3. important distinctions in linguistics 3. important distinctions in linguistics ( (语言学研究中几对重要的概念语言学研究中几对重要的概念) ) 4. scope of linguistics 4. scope of linguistics ( (语言学的研究范围语言学的研究范围) ) ?? 1. 1. design feature of language design feature of language (语言的定义特征(语言的定义特征) ) defining properties of human language that defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of distinguish it from any animal system of munication 1. design feature of language 1. design feature of language 语言定义特征语言定义特征?? 1)Arbitrariness 1)Arbitrariness (任意性) (任意性) ?? 2)Duality( 2)Duality( 二层性二层性) ) ?? 3)Creativity/Productivity( 3)Creativity/Productivity( 创造性创造性) ) ?? 4)Displacement 4)Displacement (移位性) (移位性) ?? 5)Cultural Transmission( 5)Cultural Transmission( 文化传递性文化传递性) ) ??1 1) ) Arbitrariness( Arbitrariness( 任意性任意性): ): ??定义: 定义: the forms of linguistic signs bear no the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. natural relationship to their meaning. ??举例: 举例: ??书书, book, , book, livre livre ??喜欢, 喜欢, like like , , aimer aimer ??2 2) ) Duality Duality (二层性) (二层性) : : ??定义: 定义: the property of having two levels of the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level structures, such that units of the primary level posed of elements of the secondary level. posed of elements of the secondary level. ??举例: 举例: Sounds > syllables > words > phrases Sounds > syllables > words > phrases > clauses > sentences> texts/discourses > clauses > sentences> texts/discourses ??3 3) ) Creativity/Productivity Creativity/Productivity (创造性) (创造性) : : ??定义: 定义: Language can be used to create new Language can be used