:..高中化学必修1化学方程式总结1、钠及其化合物的转化关系NaClNaNaOHNa2CO3NaHCO3NaClNa2ONa2O2①②③⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑾⑿⒀⒁⒂⒃⒄④①Na2O+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O②2Na+2HCl=2NaCl+H2↑Na2O+2H+=2Na++H2O2Na+2H+=2Na++H2↑③2Na2O2+4HCl=4NaCl+O2↑+2H2O④4Na+O2=2Na2O2Na2O2+4H+=4Na++O2↑+2H2O※⑥2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑※⑤2Na+O2Na2O22Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH-+H2↑⑦Na2O+H2O=2NaOH※⑧2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2↑Na2O+H2O=2Na++2OH-2Na2O2+2H2O=4Na++4OH-+O2↑⑨Na2O+CO2=Na2CO3※⑩2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2⑾2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O⑿Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+2NaOH2OH-+CO2=CO32-+H2OCO32-+Ca2+=CaCO3↓⒀NaOH+CO2=NaHCO3※⒁Na2CO3+H2O+CO2=2NaHCO3OH-+CO2=HCO3-CO32-+H2O+CO2=2HCO3-※⒂2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑或※NaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2OHCO3-+OH-=CO32-+H2O⒃Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑⒄NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2↑CO32-+2H+=H2O+CO2↑HCO3-+H+=H2O+CO2↑补充:①石灰水中加入少量NaHCO3:Ca(OH)2+NaHCO3=CaCO3↓+NaOH+H2OCa2++OH-+HCO3-=CaCO3↓+H2O②石灰水中加入过量NaHCO3:Ca(OH)2+2NaHCO3=CaCO3↓+Na2CO3+2H2OCa2++2OH-+2HCO3-=CaCO3↓+CO32-+2H2O2、铝及其化合物的转化关系AlAl2O3Al(OH)3KAl(SO4)2NaAlO2AlCl3①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑾⑿①2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2↑②4Al+3O22Al2O32Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑※③2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑④Al2O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O2Al+2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2-+3H2↑Al2O3+6H+=2Al3++3H2O※⑤Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O⑥AlCl3+3NH3·H2O=Al(OH)3↓+3NH4ClAl2O3+2OH-=2AlO2-+H2OAl3++3NH3·H2O=Al(OH)3↓+3NH4+⑦Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O⑧2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2OAl(OH)3+3H+=Al3++3H2O☆⑨NaAlO2+HCl+H2O=Al(OH)3↓+NaCl或NaAlO2+2H2O+CO2=Al(OH)3↓+NaHCO3AlO2-+H++H2O=Al(OH)3↓AlO2-+2H2O+CO2=Al(OH)3↓+HCO3-
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