1Modernism(现代主义) prehensivebutvaguetermfora movement,whichbegininthelate19thcenturyandwhichhashadawideinfluenceinternationallyduringmuchofthe20thcentury、 2>modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalcase、3>thetermpertainstoallthecreativearts、Especiallypoetry,fiction,drama,painting,musicandarchitecture、现代主义就是全面但运动模糊的术语,在19世纪末期开始,在国际上有广泛影响的在20世纪的大部分时间。2>现代主义以非理性哲学与精神分析理论为其理论的情况。3>这个词属于所有的创造性艺术。特别就是诗歌、小说、戏剧、绘画、音乐与建筑。2Transcendentalism(超验主义) Transcendentalismisliterature,philosophicalandliterarymovementthatflourishedinnewEnglandfromabout1836to1860、itisthesummitofAmericanRomanticism、itoriginatedamongasmallgroupofintellectualswhowerereactingagainsttheorthodoxyofCalvinismandtherationalismoftheUnitarianChurch,developinginsteadtheirownfaithcenteringonthedivinityofhumanityandthenaturalworld、onceptsfromromanticGermanphilosophy,andfromsuchEnglishauthorsasColeridgeandWordsworth、ItsmysticalaspectswerepartlyinfluencedbyIndianandChinesereligiousteachings、AlthoughTranscendentalismwasneverarigorouslysystematicphilosophy,sthatweregenerallysharedbyitsadherents、ThebeliefsthatGodisimmanentineachpersonandinnatureandthatindividualintuitionisthehighestsourceofknowledgeledtoanoptimisticemphasisonindividualism,self-reliance,andrejectionoftraditionalauthority、TheideasofTranscendentalismweremosteloquentlyexpressedbyRalphwaldoEmersoninsuchessaysasNature,andbyHenryDavid
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