(Conversion,Backformation,Clipping,Blending,Acronym,Initialism),-+-ly→unfriendly;unhappily;unkindly;unlonely-fy→purify;simplify;falsify;:tour;-ist;-stalks;talker;talked;talkingTypesofmorpheme:,happy,kind,simple,false,tour,talk,:thebasicelementofawordthatcanstandbyitself:talk,internationalism,work/shop,black/birdStem:theelementinvolvedinawordwithoutthelastaddedboundmorpheme:friends,friendships河南大学外语学院马应聪StemAstemmaybe:asimplestemconsistingofonlyonemorpheme,inwhichcasetherootandthestemarethesame:work,talkarootplusaderivationalaffix:workerstwoormoreroots:work\shops河南大学外语学院马应聪Lexical(open)morphemesvsFunctional(close)morphemesLexical(open)morphemesarethesetofordinarynouns,,theyarecalledanopenclassofwords:book,desk,house,love,look,long,happy河南大学外语学院马应聪Functional(close)morphemesconsistofthefunctionalwordsinthelanguagesuchasconjunctions,articles,,theyarecalledaclosedclassofwords:and,but,because,if,when,on,above,in,it,the,,eitherfreeorbound,,includingprefixesandsuffixes:-ly,un-,-ist,-s,-er,-ed,-,,unbelievable,
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