动词过去式、过去分词地变化规则(yyy整理版).doc

常见动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。一、规则变化:,如ask—asked,work—,只加d,如love—loved,dance—,把y变为i,再加ed,如try—tried,study—(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped,permit—permitted注:,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。:ic—icked—icked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked(交易,在…通行),prefer—preferred—preferred较喜欢,refer—referred—referred提到另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后):①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]:helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]:believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed③.-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]:wanted,needed,admitted,permitted二、不规则变化⒈A---A---A型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形)原形(现在式)过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文hithithithittinghits打、撞hurthurthurthurtinghurts伤害costcostcostcostingcosts花费letletletlettinglets让setsetsetsettingsets设置、搭建shutshutshutshuttingshuts关闭spreadspreadspreadspreadingspreads传播,散布putputputputtingputs放置readreadreadreadingreads读cutcutcutcuttingcuts砍、切、割补充broadcastbroadcastbroadcastbroadcastingbroadcasts广播,播放castcastcastcastingcasts投、掷burstburstburstburstingbursts爆裂,冲破shedshedshedsheddingsheds流出,放射upsetupsetupsetupsettingupsets弄翻,打乱口诀1:2H(hit,hurt) 花钱(cost) 让(let) 3S(set,shut,spread) 放(put)(下)读书(read)(去)切割(cut)⒉A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)原形(现在式)过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文beatbeatbeatenbeatingbeats打败口诀2:打败天下无敌手,过去分词加en⒊A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)原形(现在式)过去式过去分词现分/es超越,克服口诀3:跑、来、成为、()超越,元音字母变成a⒋A---B---B型(过去式与过去分词同形)原形→aught→aught原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文teachtaughttaughtteachingteaches教catchcaughtcaughtcatchingcatches抓住、赶上口诀4:教书被抓,变成aught原形→ought→ought 原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文thinkthoughtthoughtthinkingthinks想、思考buyboughtboughtbuyingbuys买seeksoughtsoughtseekingseeks寻求bringbroughtbroughtbringingbrings带来fightfoughtfoughtfightingfights打架 口诀5:想买(个)熊球(寻求)带来打架 eep→ept→ept 原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文sleepsleptsleptsleepingsleeps睡觉keepkeptkeptkeepingkeeps保持sweepsweptsweptsweepingsweeps清扫口诀:睡觉保持清扫,变成ept词尾-ell变成-old原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文sellsoldsoldsellingsell