Geochemical ics Youxue Zhang PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright Ó 2008 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zhang, Youxue, 1957– Geochemical ics / Youxue Zhang. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-691-12432-2 (hardcover: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-691-12432-9 (alk. paper) 1. Chemical ics—Textbooks. 2. Geochemistry—Textbooks. I. Title. Z43 2008 —dc22 2008062105 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has posed in ITC Stone Serif and ITC Stone Sans Printed on acid-free paper. ?
Printed in the United States of America ********** Contents List of Figures xi List of Tables xvii Preface xix Notation xxii Physical Constants xxv 1 Introduction and Overview 1 Thermodynamics versus ics 3 Chemical ics versus Geochemical ics 6 ics of Homogeneous Reactions 7 Reaction progress parameter x 11 Elementary versus overall reactions 12 Molecularity of a reaction 13 Reaction rate law, rate constant, and order of a reaction 14 Concentration evolution for reactions of different orders 19 Dependence of reaction rate constant on temperature; Arrhenius equation 25 Nonisothermal reaction ics 29 plicated homogeneous reactions 31 Determination of reaction rate laws, rate constants, and mechanisms 32 vi CONTENTS Mass and Heat Transfer 36 Diffusion 37 Convection 46 ics of Heterogeneous Reactions 47 Controlling factors and ‘‘reaction laws’’ 48 Steps in heterogeneous reactions 55 Temperature and Pressure Effect on Reaction Rate Coefficients and Diffusi
