华工流体力学复习提纲.ppt

Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Fluid flow 流体流动 fluid statics and its application fluid statics and its application ?? Nature of fluids Nature of fluids ?? Density Density 密度 pressible fluid pressible fluid 不可压缩流体 pressible fluid Compressible fluid 可压缩流体 Pressure Pressure 压强(压力) Independent of direction Independent of direction Unit Unit SI 制: N/m 2或 Pa , mmHg , mH 2O ?P g = P abs–P atm ?P v = P atm - P abs ?? Hydrostatic equilibrium Hydrostatic equilibrium 静力学方程静力学方程?? ba abZZgPP???? hydrostatic equation application hydrostatic equation application 应用 U tube manometer U tube manometer U形压差计的计算式 Limitation: Limitation: 适用:静止、连续的同种不可压缩性流体; pressible fluid pressible fluid 、、 Continuous fluid Continuous fluid 压力形式 b a a gz p gz p????? b能量形式?? Solution: Solution: ??图图(a) (a) ?? p= p= Rg( Rg( ρρ m m- -ρρ) ); ; ??图图(b) (b) ?? p= p= Rg( Rg( ρρ m m- -ρρ空空)= )= Rg Rg ρρ m m; ; ??图图(c) (c) ?? p= p= Rg( Rg( ρρ m m- -ρρ E E) ) ??图图(d) (d) ?? p= p= Rg Rg ρρ m m -hg -hg ρρ。。 Chapter3 Chapter3 Fluid-flow phenomena Fluid-flow phenomena 流体的流动现象?? Ideal fluid Ideal fluid 理想流体 Has zero viscosity Has zero viscosity Potential flow has two characteristics: Potential flow has two characteristics: ?? Irrigational flow Irrigational flow ?? There is no friction loss There is no friction loss ?? Newtonian fluid Newtonian fluid 牛顿型流体 the proportionality constant μ For gas, it increases with temperature For liquid, it decreases with temperature 1Pa · S =10 P ( 泊) =1000 cP ( 厘泊) dy du ???一、牛顿粘性定律?? Laminar flow Laminar flow 层流层流/ /滞流滞流 fluid flows in parallel straight lines fluid flows in parallel straight lines . without lateral mixing without lateral mixing Laminar and turbulent flow Laminar and turbulent flow 滞流和湍流? Turbulent flow 湍流 fluid moves erratically in form of crosscurrents and eddies Reyn