语言学-同义词与反义词.ppt

AntonymSSynonymDefinition今Antonym(反义词)Awordthatmeanstheoppositeofanotherwordsuchasemptyisanantonymoffull冷Synonym(同义词)Awordthatmeansthesameornearlythesameasanotherword,-types:-plementaryAntonym---types:AbsoluteSynonymRelativeSynonym(1)Gradableantonym等级反义词冷Featuresofthem:First,。(1)Thedenialofoneisnotnecessarilytheassertionoftheother对一方的否定并非是对另方的肯定。(2)canbemodifiedbyvery(3)parativeandsuperlativedegrees(4)intermediatedegreesmaybelexicalized(sometimes)冷这样一对反义词在语义的直线坐标上离开点距离应是相等的,但是可以有它们的项,也可能有它们的外项。例如以hot(热的)和col(冷的)这二对反义词来看,它们可以有内项Warm(温的)和coo(源又如,以9od(好的)和bad(坏的)这一对反义词来看,它们可有外项excellent(极好的)和Terrible(极糟的)Second,:hird,onememberofapair,usuallythetermforthehigherdegree,servesasthecoverterm对反义词中,通常那个较高程度的词用作覆盖整个量级的术语。Thecovertermiscalled"unmarked"“无标记词”即一般词汇Thecovered"marked"被覆盖的词语称为“标记词”Unmarkedmarked名词:manwomanuthorauthoresslioness形容词deepshallow名词:length长度height高度wdth宽度EXamples:Howoldareyou?Howta∥ishisbrother?Howdoyoulikeyourfood?(,。(1Theassertionofonemeansthedenialoftheother,andthedenialofonemeanstheassertionoftheother(2)can'tbemodifiedby"very(3)parativeandsuperlativedegree(4)-deadmale-femalepresent-absenttrue-falseSecond,thenorminthistypeisabsolute划分规范是绝对的..Third,thereisnocovertermforthetwomembersofapair令一对成员没有一个覆盖性词语。