北京四合院.ppt

Chinese quadrangles
北京四合院
History
Siheyuan dates back as early as the Western Zhou period, and has a history of over 2,000 years.
They exhibit outstanding and fundamental characteristics of Chinese architecture.
They exist all across China and are the template for most Chinese architectural styles. Siheyuan also serves as a cultural symbol of Beijing and a window into its old ways of life.
Layout
traditional concepts of the world
the five element(五行金木水火土)that were believed to compose the universe
the eight diagrams of divination [坤，震，离，兑，乾，巽，坎，艮].
The gate was made at the southeast corner which was the “wind” corner, and the main house was built on the north side which was believed to belong to “water”, an element to prevent fire.
Entrance gate, screen wall, stone lions
The entrance gate, usually painted vermilion朱砂 and with copper door knockers on it, is usually at the southeastern corner.
Normally, there is a screen wall (影壁) inside the gate.
A pair of stone lions are often placed outside the gate. Some large siheyuan compounds would have two or more layers of courtyards and even private gardens attached to them. Such is a sign of wealth and status in ancient times.
The layout represents---
traditional Chinese morality and Confucian ethics
a single courtyard receive diff