油油菜菜栽栽培培杨佑明第一节概述一、油菜的概念★北方小油菜( Brassica campestris L. ) ★南方油白菜( Brassica chinensis Mak. ) ★大叶芥油菜(Brassica juncea Coss) ★细叶芥油菜(Brassica juncea var. gracilis) ★甘蓝型油菜( Brassica napus L. var. oleifera ) 子粒用于榨油的十字花科(Cruciferae)芸薹属(Brassica)作物的统称。 rape; rapeseed; oilrapeBrassica spp. 二、油菜生产的意义★第一大油料作物播种面积和产油量★饲用价值★(主产区)唯一的冬季油料作物★观光作物南方稻田利用冬闲,提高复种指数。有潜力 Rapeseed has been linked with adverse effects in asthma and hay fever sufferers. ★蜜源作物★其他用途高芥酸品种芥酸作润滑油、淬火剂三、油菜籽品质的特点硫甙( 苷) 无毒。硫甙在芥子酶或水解酶的作用下,分解为恶唑烷硫酮、异硫氰酸盐和腈等有毒物质,使单胃动物的甲状腺肿大,并导致代谢紊乱。对反刍动物无害。 1. 普通油菜籽饼粕中含有硫甙葡萄糖甙白菜型含量为 3% 甘蓝型含量为 4~7% 芥菜型含量为 5~7% Table 3. Percent fatty position of vegetable oils. Rapeseed Fatty acid Symbol Brassica napus Brassica campestris Canola Sunflower Soy bean Palmitic C16:0 Stearic C18:0 Oleic C18:1 Linoleic C18:2 Linolenic C18:3 Eicosenoic C20:1 Erucic C22:1 2. 普通油菜籽油中芥酸含量偏高 3. 3. 双低菜籽油营养、健康双低菜籽油营养、健康双低油菜双低油菜品种双低菜籽油普通菜籽油饱和脂肪酸 7% ~ 油酸 60% ~ 61% % 亚油酸 20% ~ 21% % 亚麻酸 10% ~ 11% ~ 芥酸 0 ~ 3% % Canola oil (or rapeseed oil) contains both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in a ratio of 2:1 , although flax oil is higher in omega-3 fatty acid. Canola oil's proponents claim that it is one of the most heart-healthy oils and has been reported to reduce ch olesterol levels, lower serum tryglyceride levels, and keep platelets from sticking together.
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