医学词汇复习提纲(-).doc

医学词汇复习提纲 （Chapter 4-7）
Chapter Four Word formation of Medical Terms
Seven types of word formation
affixation
composition
conversion
blending
backformation
clipping
acronym
Affixation
semantically oriented
add new meaning without changing the part of speech
autograft 自体（身）移植物
auto- self
graft: Material, especially living tissue or an organ, surgically attached to or inserted into a bodily part to replace a damaged part or compensate for a defect
Isograft 同系移植物,同基因移植物(identical twins
iso- equal; uniform
isoantibody
isoantigen
isoconcentration
isotonic
allograft（同种）异体移植物,异基因移植=homograft
allo- Other; different
allogenous异源的,异生的
allosome异染色体,异形染色体
xenograft 异种移植物 = heterograft
xeno- strange; foreign; different
xenophobia
xenophthalmia异物性眼炎
Intracranial
intra- within
antiallergenic
anti- against 、allergenic 引起过敏的
antineoplastic // neoplastic ,瘤形成的
Restenosis
re- again, back
Stenosis: A constriction or narrowing of a duct or passage; a stricture
asymptomatic
a- without
symptomatic:
pertaining to symptom
Nondiabetic // non- not
hyperlipidemia
hyper- more than normal or necessary
lipid- lipid, fat
(h)em- blood
-ia abnormal condition
heterogeneous
hetero- other; different
geneous: of kind or type
suffixation
basically class-changing
change the part of speech
immune
immunity
immunize
immunization
eradication
specificity
sensitivity
suckling (suck + -ling: One that is young, small, or inferior) = A young mammal that has not been weaned

Patterns of affixation
prefix + root
inject
in- (into) + jec(t)- (to throw)
put material into a particular location, often using a syringe
prefix + combining vowel + root
Ectoderm the outer laver of the embryo
ect- (outside) + derm- (skin)
Cf. Mesoderm; endoderm
root +suffix
stasis
sta- ( to stand) + -sis (a condition of),
slowing of fluid movement, such as the blood circulation
root + combining vowel + suffix