组织行为学（英文）Class5.ppt

Class Theory
§ concept
Motivation:
the willingness to exert high levels of effort anizational goals,conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need
Need:some internal state that makes certain es appear attractive
Process:unsatisfied need---tension---drives---search behavior---satisfied need----reduction of tension
Class 5. Motivation Theory
§ Early theory of Motivation The 1950s were a fruitful period in the development of motivation specific theories were formulated during this time
of Needs Theory Abraham Maslow
There is a hierarchy of 5 needs---physiological, safety,social,esteem,& self-actualization---and as each need is sequentially satisfied,the next need es dominant
Separation:Lower order needs---needs that are satisfied externally; physiological & safety needs
review: logical,ease of understanding, receiving wide recognition, particularly among practicing managers. empirical support
X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor proposed 2 distinct views of human being
The assumption that employees dislike work,are lazy,dislike responsibility,& must be coerced to perform
employees dislike work &,whenever possible,will attempt to avoid it; They must be coerced,controlled,or threatened with punishment to achieve goals; avoid responsibilities & seek formal direction whenever possible; Most workers place security above all other factors associated with work & will display little ambition
Theory Y: The assumption that employees like work,are creative,seek responsibility,& can exercise self-direction higher order needs dominate individuals
3. Motivation-Hygiene Theory Frederick Herzberg, individual’s relation to his work
Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction
satisfaction, No satisfaction
Hygiene factors:those factors---such pany policy & administration,supervision,& salary---that,when adequate in job,pla