英语文化学习-笔记.ppt

Rome
The Rise and Influence of rome
Rome
Roman Kingdom(753-509 BC
Roman Republic (508-27 BC)
Roman Empire(27 BC-1453 AD)
Split to East and West in 395 AD
West fell in 476 AD
East lived on(Byzantine) until 1453 AD
Roman Kingdom
753 BC-Founding of rome
Monarchy ruled from Rome
However there was a council and senate
and some votes(even on new kings
happened
Took control of most of central Italy
More religious and rigid society
Roman Republic
Started with the overthrow of the corrupt
monarchy in 509 BC
Much of their culture was borrowed from the
Greeks
Expanded their territory and influence
across the Mediterranean area
Created an fairly open, realistic society with
very strong laws
OCEAN
ITAL
S P AI N
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
MAURETANIA
CYRENAICA
MEDITERRANEAN BASIN
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
Aboat the 2nd Centur
Black Sea
AFRICA
Mediterranean Sea
The Roman Republic
circa First C
Egypt
Republic Government
Constitutional government with as system of
checks and balances with a separation ot
powers
Society split between the patricians
(aristocrats), Plebeians(common citizens)
non-citizens and slaves
Only citizens enjoyed full rights
Senate-decision making bod
Rich aristocrats from noble families
Republic Government
Had many lower legislative bodies
Other important offices
Consul: head of government
Praetors: law and military
Censors taxes and census
Aediles: domestic affairs
Quaestors: financial, provincial
Tribune: representative of the plebs
Dictator: 6 month term in case of
emergency
线线
Roman Empire
Started with Julius caesar being named
dictator in 44 BC
Created with Caesar's adopted son
Augustus Caesar(Octavian)in 27 BC
Rapidly expanded to cover most of the
civilized Western and Near East world
At its height had somewhere between 60-90
million people under its control