2020年曼昆经济学原理16.ppt

BETWEEN MONOPOLY AND PERFECT COMPETITION 在垄断和完全竞争之间
Imperfect competition refers to those market structures that fall between perfect competition and pure monopoly.
不完全竞争——介于完全竞争和纯垄断之间的市场结构。
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曼昆经济学原理16
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BETWEEN MONOPOLY AND PERFECT COMPETITION 在垄断和完全竞争之间
Imperfect competition includes industries in which firms have competitors but do not face so much competition that they are price takers.
不完全竞争 产业中的企业有竞争对手，但同时又没有面临使它们成为价格接受者的激烈竞争。
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Types of Imperfectly Competitive Markets
Oligopoly
Only a few sellers, each offering a similar or identical product to the others.
Monopolistic Competition
Many firms selling products that are similar but not identical.
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不完全竞争市场的类型
寡头
只有少数几个卖者的市场结构，每个卖者都提供与其它企业相似或相同的产品。
垄断竞争
很多企业出售相似但不相同的产品。
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Figure 1 The Four Types of Market Structure
Monopoly
（Chap15）
Oligopoly
(Chap16)
Monopolistic Competition
(Chap17)
Perfect Competition
（Chap14）
Tap water
Cable TV
Tennis balls
Crude oil
Novels
Movies
Wheat
Milk
Number of Firms?
Type of Products?
Many firms
One firm
Few firms
Differentiated products
Identical products
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图1. 市场结构的四种类型
垄断
（15章）
寡头
（16章）
垄断竞争
（17章）
完全竞争
（14章）
自来水
有线电视
网球
原油
小说
电影
小麦
牛奶
企业数量?
产品类型？
许多企业
一家企业
几家
企业
有差别产量
相同产品
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Markets With Only a Few Sellers只有少数几个卖者的市场
Because of the few sellers, the key feature of oligopoly is the tension between cooperation and self-interest.
由于寡头市场只有几个卖者，所以寡头的关键特征是合作与利己之间的冲突。
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MARKETS WITH ONLY A FEW SELLERS
Characteristics of an Oligopoly Market
Few sellers offering similar or identical products
Interdependent firms
Best off cooperating and acting like a monopolist by producing a small quantity of output and charging a price above marginal cost
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曼昆经济学原理16
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只有少数几个卖者的市场
寡头市场的特征
只有少数几个卖者提供相似或相同的产品。
企业之间的行为相互影响。
寡头集体合作起来并像一个垄断者那样行事——生产少量产品并收取高于其边际成本的价格，它们的状况会最好。
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A Duopoly Example双头