(复合句) 宾语从句、状语从句、
定语从句
中考考点
1.宾语从句的时态、语序及句中引导词的选用。
2.状语从句中的连词及时态。
3.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。
考点一 宾语从句
概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语
1.引导词
(1)在that 引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,that可以省略。eg:
The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.
收音机报道说明天要下雨。
(2)连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时,从句改用陈述语序。eg:
Could you tell me what he said to you?
你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?
(3)whether 或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时,从句改用陈述语序。如:
I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li 。
[注意] 下列几种情况通常使用whether:
①具有选择意义且又有or或or not,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether;
eg:Could you tell me whether go or not?
②介词之后用whether;
eg,:We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.
③不定式前用whether。
eg:We decided whether to walk there.
2.时态
(1)当主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态
Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?
(2)当主句的谓语动词为一般过去式,从句要用相应的过去时态。Eg:We asked what Jean was doing then.
我们问琼那时正在做什么。
(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
Eg:Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than sound.
丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。
3.语序 (疑问词+主语+谓语+其他)
(1)陈述句改为宾语从句时,语序不变。如:
He is a good child. The teacher said.
→The teacher said (that) he was a good child.
老师说他是个好孩子。
(2)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,语序改为陈述语序。如:
Does he work hard?I wonder.
→I wonder if/whether he works hard .我想知道他工作是否努力。
When did he leave?I don't know.
→I don't know when he 。
[提醒] 宾语从句与简单句的转换
由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。如:
I don't know what I should say.
→I don't know what to say . 我不知道要说什么。
宾语从句小口诀
宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词
主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;
主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;
陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether
特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。
习题:
1—Your English is so good. Could you tell us ____?
—At homeschool. My father taught me.(2014南昌)
A.where did you learn it B.where will you learn it
C.where you learnt it you will learn it
2.—Could you tell me ____ ?
—You
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