初一上册知识点.doc

初一英语上学期期中复习【学习目标】一、语音知识※ 1.※ 'dinner 'kitchen 'shower 'people for'get pi'ano de'licious re'view 二、词汇※ - 6单元黑体字单词※ what about = how about …怎么样(认为如何) fall asleep = be asleep 入睡 eat up 吃光 go to bed 上床睡觉 watch TV 看电视 only child 独生子、独生女 wash the dishes 洗盘子 at school/home/work 在学校/家/工作 go up 起床 live with sb. 和某人住在一起三、日常用语§ 1. What's your name? My name is Mike. § 2. Are you happy? Yes, I am./No, I'm not. § 3. What's your favorite subject? My favorite subject is English. § 4. Do you like sports? Yes, I do./No, I don't. 四、语法§ :名词、冠词、形容词、副词§ 【知识讲解】※ ①表示人或事物的名称,如 boy, clock, book, tree 。总的说来,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,如: Jim, China 专有名词的第一个字母要大写,如: Beijing, New York ②名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词:可以用数目计算,有单数和复数两种形式,如: an apple, two apples, a car, some cars 不可数名词:一般无法用数目计算,没有复数形式,且不用不定冠词 a/an 修饰,如: water, milk, meat, tea, bread, rice ③单数名词变复数名词的规则如下表: 注: ①少数名词的复数是不规则的,如: man → men woman → women child → children ②表示民族的名词,有的在词尾加 s,如: an American → three American s ③有的单、复数形式相同,如: a Chinese → four Chinese a sheep → three sheep a deer → five deer ※ ,不能单独使用,只能和一个名词一起使用,并帮助说明此名词。冠词有两类,即定冠词 the 和不定冠词 a/an 。①不定冠词常表示“一”的概念,有两种形式: a和 an 。 a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,如: a book, a pen ; an 用在元音音素开头的名词前,如: an apple,an orange,an egg 。②定冠词 the 常表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”的概念, the 在元音音素前读, 在辅音音素前读,如: the moon, the evening 。 eg. ①- Do you have an English book? - Yes, but the English book is broken. ② There isa chicken in the picture. ③ We can't see the sun at night. ④ The Browns are going to the park this Sunday. ⑤ Shanghai is in the east of China. ※ ,表示人或事物的特征,在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如: It's a sunny day today. Let's go to the park. This book is good. It's very nice of you to help us. 常见形容词的同义词与近义词: large → big 大的 glad → happy/pleased 高兴的 clever → bright 聪明的 ill→ sick 病的 fine → well 好的常见形容词的反义词和对应词: bad (坏的) → good (好的) big (大的) → small (小的) busy (忙的) → free (空闲的) dry (干的) → wet (湿的) same (相同的) → different (不同的) empty (空的) → full (满的) cold (寒冷的) → hot (热的) o