英语语法-非谓语动词与介词口诀.doc

非谓语动词的用法(1)
   在英语语法中，掌握好动词的用法是最重要的，而非谓语动词又是动词中非常重要的一部分，由于它们内容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，经常被混淆用错，笔者通过列表比较方法，我们会对非谓语动词的用法一目了然，找出异同，更好的掌握它们的用法，下面通过列表比较的方式，分析非谓语动词的主要用法。
非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系
非谓语动词
相对谓语动词的时间意义
例句
一般式不定式
说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish等。
I want to go home.
I hope to see you.
说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。
I saw him come in.
He helped him (to) carry things.
一般式动名词
表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。
We enjoyed seeing the film.
I am thinking of taking over the job.
在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。
He insisted on doing that work
在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。
I remember seeing him before.
On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.
一般式分词
现在分词
持续性动词
说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He stood there speaking.
Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.
终止性动词
说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。
Entering the room, I found nobody in.
Turning to the right, you will find the post office.
过去分词
持续性动词
　
通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。
Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
I can't find my lost pen.
说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。
He is a person well-known in this country.
代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。
Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.
完成式不定式
说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。
I'm sorry to have troubled you. 
He is said to have come here.
He is thought to have done it.
He is believed to have done it.
He seemed to have known it.
在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。
We wished to have done this.
I expected to have left by then.
(=I had expected to heave by then.)
　
完成式动名词
说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动作先发生。
We regret having told you the news.


After having finished his work, he went home. 
He denied having broke the glasses.
完成式分词
说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果是hear; see或表示位置转移的动词arrive; leave; turn;
Having finished his work, he went home.
Sitting down with him, we begun