安·兰德-客观主义还是存在主义.doc.doc

安· 兰德: 客观主义还是存在主义[ 摘要] 同为 20 世纪著名的哲学家、小说家和公共知识分子,安?兰德与萨特的哲学思想之间存在不可忽略的可比性。如两者都强调个人意志、生命意志以及自由意志等。但是从本质上而言, 兰德强调“客观”的客观主义哲学与萨特强调“主观”的存在主义哲学在具体哲学观念上有很大的分歧。具体表现为,在本体论与认识论上,前者强调存在的实体性,意识( 理性) 反映存在的被动性, 后者强调存在的自在性和自为性, 以及意识作为自为存在的主动性; 前者强调自由的理性本质、绝对性以及目的性, 后者强调自由的非本质性、处境以及非目的性; 前者强调自我与他人的无冲突论、人只对自己负责, 后者强调人总是处于与他人的关系中,人不光要为自己的选择负责,还要对他人的选择负责。中国论文网/view- [ 关键词]安?兰德;萨特;客观主义哲学;存在主义哲学[ 中图分类号] I0-02[ 文献标识码] A[ 文章编号] 1008 ― 1763 ( 2016 ) 02― 0111 ― 08 Abstract : Both as famous philosophers , writers and public intellectuals , Ayn Rand and Sartre share much mon , for instance , both of them emphasize on individualism , life consciousness , freedom consciousness , and so on. But basically , Ayn Rand ’s philosophy emphasizes objectivity , and Sartre ’s philosophy stresses subjectivity. Therefore , in specific philosophy ideas , their thoughts are undoubtedly different. For example , the former insists that existence is entity , and consciousness depends on existence. While the latter thinks that existence posed by two parts : being itself and in itself. The former thinks that freedom owns great essence , absoluteness and purpose , but the latter just holds opposite ideas. The former thinks that there is no conflict among people and one has no responsibility for other ’s lives except himself , and the latter thinks exactly as the opposite way. Key words : Ayn Rand ; Sartre ; Object