我国宪法权威性之研究.pdf

河北大学
硕士学位论文
我国宪法权威性之研究
姓名:庞茜
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:宪法学与行政法学
指导教师:任万兴
20100601
摘要
摘要
宪法是根本大法,具有最高的法律效力,它规定了一国的根本制度,作为根本的活动
准则,在一国法律体系中处于核心地位,理应具有最高的法律权威。在西方国家,宪法的
权威性得到了普遍的认可和有效的维护,这与其宣扬的“法治国”理念分不开。“法治国”
即以法治国,其核心是依宪治国,通过全面有效的实施将“纸上的宪法”转变为“活的宪
法”。实现这一目标需要以诸多制度与观念为基础,其中最重要的就是行之有效的宪法监
督以及违宪审查制度。然而,与此相比,我国宪法的权威性无论在形式上还是实质上都存
在不足。
文章首先介绍了宪法权威的概念,并从立法程序和法律运行两方面对宪法权威性的内
容进行具体说明,然后在对各国宪法权威的介绍和我国宪法权威现状分析的基础之上,对
导致我国宪法权威缺失的原因进行具体分析。我国宪法在制度和理论上是有权威的,这不
可否认,然而,形式上的权威并不必然带来实质上的权威,长期以来,政策和法律的权威
高于宪法权威,特别是政策优位,严重阻碍了宪法实质权威的确立。宪法权威没有在我国
真正确立起来,与我们国家独特的历史背景分不开,但是,我们更应该关注的是现实社会
的因素,通过对当今社会经济、思想、制度、司法实践等各个方面的因素进行分析,对我
国宪法权威的构建提出制度设想。这包括:完善我国的市场经济体系,为宪法权威的确立
奠定经济基础;培养公民的宪法意识和宪法信仰,为宪法权威的确立提供思想保障;加强
民主政治制度建设,完善宪法修改、宪法监督和违宪审查制度,为宪法权威的确立提供制
度保障。

关键词宪法权威;宪法信仰;宪法监督;违宪审查

I
Abstract
Abstract
The constitution is the fundamental law that has the strongest legal force. It provides the
fundamental institutions of a country. As the basic norm of conduct, it is in the core of a
country’s legal system and should have the highest legal authority. In Western countries, the
constitution’s authority has been widely accepted and effectively maintained. This is
inseparable from its concept of “law governs the country”. “Law governs the country” means to
govern the country by law and its core is to govern the country according to the constitution,
which further means to enforce the constitution on paper. Achieving this goal requires a lot of
institutions and ideas as the basis. The most important one is effective constitutional
supervision and constitutional judicial review. By contrast, the judicial review is absent in
China, either in nominal or material form.
The paper first introduces the concept of constitutional authority and describes in details
the content of constitutional authority from legislative process and practice of law. Then, based
on the introduction of constitutional authority of various countries and analysis of the statu