5-感觉.pdf

Myers Myers Myers Myers ’’’’ PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Sensation Sensation Sensation Sensation Sensation § Sensation § a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy § Perception § a process anizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events Sensation § Our sensory and perceptual processes work together to help us sort out complext processes Sensation § Bottom-Up Processing § a nalysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain ’ s integration of sensory information § Top-Down Processing § i nformation processing guided by higher-level mental processes § as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations Sensation- Basic Principles § Psychophysics § study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them § Light - brightness § Sound - volume § Pressure - weight § Taste - sweetness Sensation- Thresholds § Absolute Threshold § minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time § Difference Threshold § minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time § just noticeable difference (JND) Sensation- Thresholds § Signal Detection Theory § p redicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise) § assumes that there is no single absolute threshold § detection depends partly on person ’ s § experience § expectations § motivation § level of fatigue Sensation- Thresholds § Subliminal § When stimuli are below one ’ s absolute threshold for conscious awareness 0 0 0 0 25 25 25 25 50 50 50 50 75 75 75 75 100 100 100 100 Low Low Low Low Absolute Absolute Absolute Absolute threshold threshold threshold threshold Medium Medium Medium Medium Intensity of stimulus Intensity of stimulus Inte