工厂无功功率补偿系统的开发.doc

摘要随着现代工业的飞速发展,对电能的质量要求越来越高,无功功率的平衡是电能质量的重要保证。由于用电设备中感性负载设备用电量占整个用电量的三分之二以上。显然,针对感性负载设备就近提供无功功率对降低线损、降低供电设备容量、改善供电线路的功率因数以及稳定电力系统的电压等方面都起着至关重要的作用。在电网中感性负载设备就近处安装并联电容器装置可以减少无功功率在电网中的流动,从而降低输电线路因输送无功功率造成的输电损耗。在低压供电系统中,低压无功补偿装置的功能就是向感性负载设备就近提供无功功率。低压无功补偿控制器是该装置的核心,它通过检测电压电流计算出功率因数、无功电流、无功功率,按照一定的控制规律投切电容器组,实现无功补偿。本文首先介绍了无功补偿的概念,阐述了无功补偿的发展与现状,分析了目前无功补偿控制器的不足,并在此基础上提出了具有高精度的智能型低压无功补偿控制器的设计思想,着重阐述了系统的总体设计方案,分析了系统功能和设计思路,提供了低压无功补偿控制系统的硬件、软件模块以及具体电路。本文的核心内容是 SVC 无功补偿技术的基本原理,全数字控制技术和 ABB 新型功率因数控制器,以及 SVC 无功补偿系统在鄂钢热轧带钢厂的应用。关键词: 无功功率;无功补偿; SVC ; 瞬时无功功率理论; ABB 功率因数控制器 Abstract With the rapid development of modern industry, people have more demand to the quality of power system . The balance of reactive power isone of important guarantee to the quality of power system. Because inductive load equipment in the whole electricity consumption accounts for more than two-thirds . Obviously , nearby providing reactive power for inductive load equipment is important for reducing line loss or capacity of power supply equipment, and improving the power system's power factor or voltage. Fix shunt capacitor in the work can reduce flow of reactive power, thereby reduce transmission loss. In low-voltage power system, low-voltage reactive pensation equipment can nearby provide reactive power for inductive load equipment. Low-voltage reactive pensation controller is control core of shunt capacitor, which can detect voltage and current then figure out power factor, reactive current and reactive power. And it realizes auto-switching capacitor bank and pensation according to definite control law. In this paper, firstly, the basic theory of reactive pensation is elaborated and its development and actuality are also given. This paper analyses the shortage of this controller, on the basis of it, design idea of the high accuracy, intelligent, low-voltage reactive pensation controller is presented. Secondly, the overall system design is given, the system functions and design ideas are analyz ed, and the