定语从句讲解总结.docx

定语从句讲解

.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词
的前面，
如： ①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy
是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，
如： ③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。
.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了 个装满钱的包。
.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。
.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。
如上面第 5: 主句：He is the man
从句： who you are looking for
在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。
.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第 5题可以写成：
He is the man you are looking for.
(从句部分)
1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语
2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词，
如:some-, any-, every- 和 no 与-boy,-thing 的合成词；或 all、 none、 any、 some、 that 、 those 等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：
①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them ) in China.
4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词： which, that, who, whom, whose, as 。
关系副词： when, where, why 。 that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

先行词
主格
所有格
宾格
格
事、物、动物
which
whose=of which
which
English is a language.
It isjspoken all over the world.
=> English is a language which is spoken all over the world. 英语是世界各地都在使用的语言。
He looked for a car.
The engine of the car was in good condition.
=>He looked for a car the engine of which was in good condition.
Where is the parcel?
We received it this morning.
=> Where is the parcel (which) we received this morning? 今天早上我们收到的包裹在哪里?
He 's in love with a girl that/who has red hair.
Baseball is the sport that/ which most boys like.
.关系代词that的用法
先行词
格
主格
所有格
宾格
人、物、动物
that
whose
that
他正和一位红发女孩谈恋爱。
棒球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
/ which 区别：
在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用 that而不用which
(1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰
Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever experienced. 今天是我们经历过最寒冷的——天。
(2)先行词被序数词修饰
The first thing (that) you have