Pest Resistance to Pesticides Controlling Pests with Pesticides Humans have been controlling or attempting to control insect and other arthropod pests, plant pathogens, weeds, rodents, and other vertebrate pests for thousands of years. However, it has been only within the last 50 years that significant progress has been made in controlling pests of humans and our food, fiber, animals, and the structures in which we live and work. This significant advance has occurred because of synthetic (man-made) pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and algicides. Early esses with the first pesticides, such as DDT, came swiftly. Was the war against pests won so easily? Very soon after the rapid and astounding victories over mosquitoes and other biting flies, house flies, lice, and agricultural pests such as scale insects, a decline in the effectiveness of these new chemical weapons was observed. Application rates (ie., amounts used) were increased to regain the initial levels of control. However, the levels of control seemed to decline even more rapidly. The reduced levels of control, and eventual control failure in many instances, was found to be due to resistance of the pests to these chemicals. What Is Pesticide Resistance? Pesticide resistance is a ically based phenomenon. Resistance occurs when a pest population— insects, for instance— is exposed to a
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