初三英语复合句复习.docx

初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：
     The Object Clause (宾语从句)、The Adverbial Clause (状语从句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。
Ⅰ. The Object Clause (宾语从句)
宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。
A)    Introduced by that
主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。
. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.
I’m sorry (that) he isn’t here right now.
Note:
1.      that 的省略：
that 引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。
. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it.
I’m afraid (that) you’ll have to wait.
2.      宾语从句的否定转移：
主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。
误：I think chickens can not swim.
正：I don’t think chickens can swim.
此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：
I think he is wrong, isn’t he?
He thinks he is right, doesn’t he?
B)    Introduced by if/whether
if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：
. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English.
I don’t know if/whether it is going to rain.
Note: 只用whether的六种情况：
1.      在带to的动词不定式前
He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.
2.      在介词后
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
3.      直接与or not连用时
I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.
4.      在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中
We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next wek.
5.      宾语从句提前时只能用whether
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
6.      引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether
Whether he is right or wrong is a question.
C) Introduced by relative pronouns and adverbs（连接代词和连接副词）
一、构成：
1. 宾语从句可由连接代词what, who, whom, which等引导，它们在宾语从句
中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。
Do you know who will come this afternoon? (作主语)
Did you hear what he said? （作宾语）
I don’t know whose that is. （